Time Magazine: Inflammation Part 4 of 8

A New View of Diabetes 

Before Dr. Frederick Banting and his colleagues at the University of Toronto isolated insulin in the 1920s, doctors tried to treat diabetes with high doses of salicylates, a group of aspirin-like compounds. (They were desperate and also tried morphine and heroin.) Sure enough, the salicylate approach reduced sugar levels, but at a high price: side effects included a constant ringing in the ears, headaches and dizziness. Today's treatments for diabetes are much safer and generally work by replacing insulin, boosting its production or helping the

 body make more efficient use of the hormone. But researchers over the past few years have been re-examining the salicylate approach for new clues about how diabetes develops.

What they have discovered is a complex interplay between inflammation, insulin and fat — either in the diet or in large folds under the skin. (Indeed, fat cells behave a lot like immune cells, spewing out inflammatory cytokines, particularly as you gain weight.) Where inflammation fits into this scenario — as either a cause or an effect — remains unclear. But the case for a central role is getting stronger. Dr. Steve Shoelson, a senior investigator at the Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston, has bred a strain of mice whose fat cells are supercharged inflammation factories. The mice become less efficient at using insulin and go on to develop diabetes. "We can reproduce the whole syndrome just by inciting inflammation," Shoelson says.  

That suggests that a well-timed intervention in the inflammatory process might reverse some of the effects of diabetes. Some of the drugs that are already used to treat the disorder, like metformin, may work because they also dampen the inflammation response. In addition, preliminary research suggests that high CRP levels may indicate a greater risk of diabetes. But it's too early to say whether reducing CRP levels will actually keep diabetes at bay. 

Time Magazine: Inflammation Part 2 of 8

"....At least that's the theory. For now, most of the evidence is circumstantial. (A few researchers think chronic inflammation can in some cases be good for you.) But that hasn't stopped doctors from testing the anti-inflammatory drugs that are already on pharmacy shelves to see if they have any broader benefits. What they've found is encouraging:

— In 2000 researchers concluded that patients who take Celebrex, a prescription drug from Pfizer that was originally designed to treat inflammation in arthritis, are less likely to develop intestinal polyps — abnormal growths that can become cancerous. Now there are dozens of clinical trials of Celebrex, testing, among other things, whether the medication can also prevent breast cancer, delay memory loss or slow the progression of the devastating neurodegenerative disorder known as Lou Gehrig's disease.

— As cardiologists gain more experience prescribing cholesterol-lowering statins, they are discovering that the drugs are more effective at preventing heart attacks than anyone expected. It turns out that statins don't just lower cholesterol levels; they also reduce inflammation. Now statins are being tested for their anti-inflammatory effects on Alzheimer's disease and sickle-cell anemia.

DeCode Genetics, an Icelandic biotech firm, announced last week that it is launching a pilot study to test whether an anti-inflammatory drug that was under development for use in treating asthma might work to prevent heart attacks.

— Of course the granddaddy of all anti-inflammatories is aspirin, and millions of Americans already take it to prevent heart attacks. But evidence is growing that it may also fight colon cancer and even Alzheimer's by reducing inflammation in the digestive tract and the brain.

This new view of inflammation is changing the way some scientists do medical research. "Virtually our entire R.-and-D. effort is [now] focused on inflammation and cancer," says Dr. Robert Tepper, president of research and development at Millennium Pharmaceuticals in Cambridge, Mass. In medical schools across the U.S., cardiologists, rheumatologists, oncologists, allergists and neurologists are all suddenly talking to one another — and they're discovering that they're looking at the same thing. The speed with which researchers are jumping on the inflammation bandwagon is breathtaking. Just a few years ago, "nobody was interested in this stuff," says Dr. Paul Ridker, a cardiologist at Brigham and Women's Hospital who has done some of the groundbreaking work in the area. "Now the whole field of inflammation research is about to explode."

To understand better what all the excitement is about, it helps to know a little about the basic immunological response, a cascade of events triggered whenever the body is subjected to trauma or injury. As soon as that splinter slices into your finger, for example, specialized sentinel cells prestationed throughout the body alert the immune system to the presence of any bacteria that might have come along for the ride. Some of those cells, called mast cells, release a chemical called histamine that makes nearby capillaries leaky. This allows small amounts of plasma to pour out, slowing down invading bacteria, and prepares the way for other faraway immune defenders to easily enter the fray. Meanwhile, another group of sentinels, called macrophages, begin an immediate counterattack and release more chemicals, called cytokines, which signal for reinforcements. Soon, wave after wave of immune cells flood the site, destroying pathogens and damaged tissue alike — there's no carrying the wounded off the battlefield in this war. (No wonder the ancient Romans likened inflammation to being on fire.)

Doctors call this generalized response to practically any kind of attack innate immunity. Even the bodies of animals as primitive as starfish defend themselves this way. But higher organisms have also developed a more precision-guided defense system that helps direct and intensify the innate response and creates specialized antibodies, custom-made to target specific kinds of bacteria or viruses. This so-called learned immunity is what enables drug companies to develop vaccines against diseases like smallpox and the flu. Working in tandem, the innate and learned immunological defenses fight pitched battles until all the invading germs are annihilated. In a final flurry of activity, a last wave of cytokines is released, the inflammatory process recedes, and healing begins.

Problems begin when, for one reason or another, the inflammatory process persists and becomes chronic; the final effects are varied and depend a lot on where in the body the runaway reaction takes hold. Among the first to recognize the broader implications were heart doctors who noticed that inflammation seems to play a key role in cardiovascular disease."

Summer Bikini Ready: Glorious Glutes

I always love finding new workouts! Muscle confusion is always great and that comes with variety in your workouts! I also just get bored easily, so here is one workout that will have you feeling the burn! It targets all the lower body muscle groups!

Glorious Glutes with Faith Ford

Fats 101

     Contrary to what is out there, there are such things as good fats and bad fats! I want to share with you 4 key points to know about fats! The right fats are brain food, so it is important to make sure you are getting the proper nutrition!

Eat Half The Fat- Change The Type

Energy doesn't just disappear. Whatever you put into your body and don't burn off in your muscles makes a stopover in your fat cells. Consuming about 60 to 70 fat grams per day will keep you lean and fit, provided they don't all come from saturated animal fats. Ani

mal fat should be kept to a minimum; it is not a fat burner. You're better off consuming unsaturated fatty acids. These are substances your body can't produce on its own. Great sources are vegetables, olives, nuts, seeds, and fish. If you are not sure if you consume 60 to 70 fat grams, keep a food journal for a week and count fat grams of everything you consume that has a label. So, if you eat nuts, vegetables, and fruits... don't include those. Just count the foods with labels and see where you are at. My favorite source of fat is the amazing avocado!

Fats That Keep You Thin

Your kitchen should always be stocked with olive oil! Olive oil supplies fatty acids that ad

just the settings of your hormone balance to LEAN, FIT, and HEALTHY! The same can be said of the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish. They control your body's super-hormones, the eicosanoids. If you eat ocean fish (herring, salmon or mackerel) at least 2x's a week, you will stimulate a good number of these types of eicosanoids that will in turn give you better health, more vitality, a lighter mood, and protection for your heart. Who would like to have all these great self-improvements?

Fats & High Glycemic Index

If you eat your pasta with a cream sauce or your roast beef with mashed potatoes, the potatoes and pasta (both high in the glycemic index) will increase the insulin in your blood, which will then immediately transport the fat in the beef or cream to your hips, and seal away the fat molecules inside the fat cells. This won't happen, however, if you eat your meat with whole-wheat pasta (low-glycemic idex). In this case the insulin is kept a bay, and the fat from the meat can be burned off in the muscle cells. When planning meals, remember this:

• Avoid eating fatty foods with high-glycemic index foods (i.e. steak with french fries, pasta with cream sauce, buttered bread with jam, pizza, chocolate croissants, white bread with cheese that is over 40% in fat)

• Create fat burning combinations: Lamb with whole-grain rice, turkey breast with boiled potatoes, chicken with vegetables, whole-wheat pasta with shrimp, mozzerella, whole-wheat bread with tomatoes. 

Click here for a complete list of high & low glycemic index food list!

The Thin Commandments

• Olive oil instead of animal fats. Use less butter and cream. Please never use margarine.

• Practice "light" cooking : brushing oil onto non-stick pans for sauteing. Choose steaming (not steam bags in the microwave) and braising to preserve vitamins and your figure.

• Eat thing with zero fat: Legumes (beans), fruits, and whole grains (rice, pasta, bread, muesli)

• Reduce your consumption of red meats and processed meats like sausage, bacon, and deli meat. Instead choose ocean fish, game, poultry. Choose lean cuts of meat such as fillets, escalopes, loins, roasts, flank steak, etc.

• Always purchase low-fat dairy products and avoid prepared products, even if they say "light". Remember, nature always does it better!

Getting Fit: Series 2

Now, let's begin addressing the exercises that will achieve maximum results and target the prime areas we collect body fat!

6. Squat

The proper way to squat is holding a dumbbell in each hand, stand with your feet hip-width apart, legs straight but not locked, chest lifted, and abs contracted. Keep the body weight toward the heels to sit back and down by lowering the thighs to as a parallel position as possible, and knees aligned with ankles. Straighten legs back up facing forward. 

Strengthens: butocks, quadriceps, and hamstrings.

7. Bent-Over Lat Row

Stand with feet hip-width apart and hold a dumbbell in each hand, arms by sides. Bend knees and flex forward from hips at about 90 degrees. Let arms hang in line with shoulders, palms facing in. Contract abs to support bacl. Draw shoulder blades down and together; maintaining body position, bend elbows up and in toward waist until upper arms are in line with torso and forearms are perpendicular to ground, knuckles pointing down. Slowly straighten arms to starting position without changing torso position.

Strengthens: middle back, rear shoulders, and biceps

8. Triceps Kickback

Hold a dumbbell in your right hand and stand to the right of the long side of a bench, feet hip-width apart or in a staggered stance. Flex forward at hips at about 90 degrees, and pace left hand on bench for support. Keeping torso stationary, bend right elbow so upper arm is parallel to ground and forearm is perpendicular to ground, palm facing in. Position elbow close to waist and contract abs. Keeping upper arm still, use triceps to straighten arm behind you until end of dumbbell points down. Slowly bend elbow to return perpendicular position.

Strengthens: triceps

9. Crunch

Lie on your back with knees bent and feet flat on mat, hip-width apart. Place hands behind head, thumbs behind behind ears, fingers unclasped. Hold elbows out to the sides. Contracting abs, draw hips, and lower ribs together, keeping buttocks relaxed. Without pulling on neck or drawing elbows in, curl up and forward, keeping head and neck relaxed as shoulder blades lift off mat. Hold, then slowly lower back down.

Strengthens: abdominals

10. Dumbbell Bench Fly

Lie face-up on the bench, knees bent and feet on edge. Hold a dumbbell in each hand, arms extended above mid-chest, in a slight arc, lower elbows down and out to the side until they are even with or slightly below shoulders. Press dumbbells up and in to starting position, without letting them touch or allowing shoulder blades to rise off the bench.

Strengthens: chest and front shoulders

This is what you need to know to get started on your summer workouts! Happy exercising everyone! I definitely get more serious about exercising in the summer; because, let's face it, no one wants to feel uncomfortable when bathing suit season rolls around! Now, we don't have to! Get your fitness on! You know you will feel so much more confident and energized! If you have those days where ya just don't wana.... Call me up! We're doing this together, my friend!

Getting Fit: Series 1

Summer is just around the corner, and the last thing I want is one more summer feeling like I could have done more to be toned and in shape! So, I have compiled what I think is what will set you up for success! Some of us think we know what we got to do when hitting the gym; others are intimidated by the gym... All the machines, body builders, and it's all too overwhelming! For those who already have the confidence and those who may need a little help, this guide to exercising are tips you will find helpful for the rest of your fit days!

First, how do you approach your workout?! Here are 10 easy steps for approach & exercising correctly!

1. Getting Married To Your Routine

If you do the same routine over and over, your muscles will simple adapt; you're likely to hit a plateau because each exercise stimulates only a limited number of muscle fibers. However, if you challenge your muscles from a variety of angles by adding and/or alternating moves periodically, you'll get significantly more fibers in the act and develop more tone and strength.

What would this look like in putting to practice? Adding 2 or 3 additional exercises, trying new angles/equipment, add more reps, and ultimately, you want to re-evaluate your routine every 6 weeks.

2. Performing Your Reps Too Quickly

If you zoom through your reps when strength training, you'll be using momentum instead of muscle power. You won't get the same stimulus for muscle building, and you won't burn as many calories. You'll also be more susceptible to exercising injuries.

How can you fix this? A good rule of thumb is to take 6 seconds for each repetition. Two seconds to lift and 4 seconds to lower the weight, you need to slow down even more on this phase in order to give your muscles a sufficient challenge!

3. Exercising Too Hard, Too Often

If you don't rest enough between strenuous cardio and strength workouts, you will hinder your progress and may lose what you've gained. You are also likely to burn out on exercising in the long run. Always leave wanting to do more and feeling refreshed!

How do you do this? Keeping your muscles fresh will keep you motivated. Alternating keeps it exciting; this reigns true in more than just your workouts! Go all-out twice a week! Other days you exercise, focus on maintaining your self! The more intensely you train, the more time needed for recovery! You shouldn't exercise the same muscles repeatedly except for the abs!

4. Too Focused On Your Cardio

If you want to see results, mix it up! Get crazy! Try new things! This is a great way to unleash the adventurous side. Whatever this means to you! If that means taking a 10 mile bike ride on a new trail, go for it! If this means running on a different street in your neighborhood, go for it! Always want to keep your body guessing! Just like working too hard, the same ole same ole can be just as damaging to you achieving a successful workout! Whatever you do, you want to feel somewhat winded and feel your heart pound!

If this is really a challenge for you then only do it 1/2 the times you workout. Start out slow with this new idea. If you run on the treadmill, try increasing speed for a few minutes or try using the incline and jogging for less time.

5. Lifting The Wrong Amount Of Weight

If lifting weights that are too light, you won't see improvements in strength, tone, or bone density. If you lift weights that are too heavy, you'll compromise proper form, increasing your risk of injury. You end up cheating the targeted muscle because your other body's muscles are having to compensate.

What to do? The most significant strength building amount is 4-6 repetitions per set; for more moderate strength building, perform 8-12 repetitions per set. Choosing weights heavy enough that your struggle on the final few, but not so heavy that your form falls apart. If after a few sets of bicep curls, you can do a few more. Next time, add 5 to 10 lbs. to the weight. You may drop fewer reps, but you are sculpting and seeing results! Not to worry, it takes a long time to be a muscle man, so I promise you won't look like you're training to be the incredible hulk!

This is 1-5 on achieving overall better results on this summer's workouts! Stay tuned for 6-11!